Microsoft Corp. could have an early advantage over competitors IBM Corp. and Oracle Corp. as some software companies begin shifting pricing to accommodate servers with multicore processors, analysts said.

IBM recently created a ripple of confusion in the industry when it announced it would one day charge for software based on how fast it runs, not the number of processor cores on which it's running. The company created a new license pricing unit called "processor value unit" and will set software prices this way beginning with the release of Intel Corp.'s quad-core Xeon processor, which is expected to be available later this year.

For example, dual-core Power5 chips will be rated at 200 processor value units (100 per core), while x86 processors will score 100, whether they have one core or two. Full details of the new processor rating system can be found at: http://www.ibm.com/software/sw-lotus/services/cwepassport.nsf/wdocs/pvu_licensing_for_customers

IBM's move follows Oracle's pricing change of last December, which accommodates multicore processors and came after customers responded negatively to an earlier plan by the company to charge for software per processor core. Details of Oracle's software pricing can be found at: http://www.oracle.com/corporate/pricing/multicore_faq.pdf

Microsoft, however, will continue to charge per processor for software, not per core or by some new way of measuring processor performance. The company also allows customers to purchase some of its software by buying Client Access Licenses (CALs) for employees who will be using the software.

"Moore's Law shouldn't mean more expensive software," said Andy Lees, corporate vice president of server and tools marketing at Microsoft, referring to the observation by Intel co-founder Gordon Moore that microprocessor power will double every 18 months without raising the cost of manufacturing. "Multicore is just a way of making processors more powerful. We embrace it because it's good for the customer."

The advent of chips that have multicores has muddied the waters of software pricing, and it's not likely to get easier any time soon. Software vendors have traditionally priced software per processor, but as server processors now have two cores, and someday will have four, eight and even 16 cores, one processor will be far more powerful, faster and able to handle bigger workloads. Software vendors have been grappling with how to accommodate this transition for some time.

Julie Giera, vice president with Forrester Research, said IBM's new pricing model will be "messy" for customers, at least at first. She said until customers have first-hand experience with the new pricing and how it affects the price of software they purchase, Microsoft's continuation of its traditional pricing plan will provide them with a more straightforward option.

"It appears as though Microsoft does have the advantage as far as simplicity because they

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